2/24/2014

• Citizens and communities: The Greek City-States
• acropolis- the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town.
• City states and citizens
• Athenian Owl- the slang name for the coin that the Athenians used. On one side it had an owl and the other the goddess Athena.
• hoplites- A heavily armed and armored citizen soldier of ancient Greece.
• phalanx- a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching an enemy.
• "Alongside Mesopotamia and Egypt there now appeared a third great civilization: that of classical Greece."
• Monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, democracy
• monarchy-A state in which supreme power is held by a single usually hereditary ruler, or monarch
• oligarchy- A state in which supreme power is held by a small group.
• triremes- Massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships.
• Tyranny- Rule by a self proclaimed dictator, or tyrant.
• democracy- in ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making.
• Sparta: The military ideal
• helots- Noncitizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city-states of Sparta.
• Ephors- (overseers) They were elected annually, a group of 5  officials usually elderly.
• took boys at the age of 7 to fight in wars.
• Athens: Freedom and Power
• Aristocrats and commoners
• Aristocrats- descendants of prominent and long-established Athenian families that had traditionally ruled the city-state.
• Athenians called them selves "the fine and noble ones". They prided them selves on being exceptionally excellent human beings.
• From Monarchy to Democracy
• two turning points in the life of Athens and the rest of Greece: the Persian wars, and the Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta.
• The workings of democracy: officials and courts
• Ostracism- Banishment for ten years by majority vote of the Athenian Assembly
• Women in Athens
• the husband could find different women if he found his wife boring
• Athenian customs: The love between men and boys.
• Aliens
• Freeborn aliens were mostly greek and were still citizens of their city states even though their families might have lived in Athens for generations.
• Slaves
• not all of them lived lives of total subjection and powerless.
• some of them got an education.
• Spartan vs Athens
• Spartans were war based.
• Athenians more on knowledge.
• Spartans kept their self from the outside world
• Athenians welcomed the outside world.
• Athenians though the way the Spartans lived was a "joke"